Eur. Phys. J. D 41, 163-170 (2007)
DOI: 10.1140/epjd/e2006-00195-x

Finite number of vortices and bending of finite vortex lines in a confined rotating Bose-Einstein condensate

Z.Z. Chen and Y.L. Ma

Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China

ylma@fudan.ac.cn

(Received 16 August 2005 / Received in final form 14 April 2006 / Published online 1st September 2006 )

Abstract
The minimal energy configurations of finite N_v-body vortices in a rotating trapped Bose-Einstein condensate is studied analytically by extending the previous work [Y. Castin, R. Dum, Eur. Phys. J. D 7, 399 (1999)], and taking into account the finite size effects on z-direction and the bending of finite vortex lines. The calculation of the energy of the vortices as a function of the rotation frequency of the trap gives number, curvature, configuration of vortices and width of vortex cores self-consistently. The numerical results show that (1) the simplest regular polynomial of the several vortex configurations is energetically favored; while the hexagonal vortex lattice is more stable than square lattice; (2) bending is more stable then straight vortex line along the z-axis for ; (3) the boundary effect is obvious: compared with the estimation made under infinite boundary, the finite size effect leads to a lower vortex density, while the adding vortex bending results in a less higher density because of the expansion. The results are in well agreement with the other authors' ones.

PACS
03.75.Lm - Tunneling, Josephson effect, Bose-Einstein condensates in periodic potentials, solitons, vortices and topological excitations.
32.80.Pj - Optical cooling of atoms; trapping.

© EDP Sciences, Società Italiana di Fisica, Springer-Verlag 2006

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